Understanding key terms used by the Social Security Administration (SSA) is essential for maximizing your benefits, accessing work incentives, and navigating healthcare coverage. This guide will help you familiarize yourself with SSA terminology and the programs that can support your return to work.
Glossary
Supplemental Security Income (SSI) |
SSI is a federal income program designed to assist individuals who are aged, blind, or disabled and have limited income and resources. Unlike SSDI, SSI is not based on work history but instead focuses on financial need. The program provides monthly payments to help cover basic living expenses such as food, clothing, and shelter. Eligibility is determined by income, resources, and living arrangements, with variations depending on state supplements. |
Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) |
SSDI provides financial support to individuals who develop a disability after earning sufficient work credits through taxable employment. The program is funded by payroll taxes under the Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA). SSDI beneficiaries must meet both medical and work-related criteria, including a demonstrated inability to perform Substantial Gainful Activity (SGA). Dependents of SSDI recipients, such as children and spouses, may also qualify for benefits based on the recipient’s earnings record. |
Benefits Planning Query (BPQY) |
The BPQY is an SSA-issued report summarizing a beneficiary’s disability benefits, work history, and medical review status. It serves as a personalized roadmap for understanding how employment or earnings may impact ongoing eligibility for benefits. Disability Services of America (DSA) can assist in interpreting this data, providing clarity on work incentives, and outlining steps for maintaining benefit protection during employment transitions. |
Trial Work Period (TWP) |
The TWP is a vital SSA program that allows SSDI beneficiaries to test their ability to work without losing benefits. During this nine-month period (within a rolling 60-month timeframe), earnings above the TWP threshold will not impact monthly SSDI payments. This program encourages beneficiaries to explore employment opportunities without fear of immediate financial consequences. Learn more here. |
Extended Period of Eligibility (EPE) |
The EPE provides a 36-month safety net following the Trial Work Period, allowing SSDI beneficiaries to retain benefits for months when their earnings fall below SGA levels. This period ensures a smoother transition into the workforce while maintaining financial stability during months of reduced earnings. Learn more here. |
Expedited Reinstatement (EXR) |
EXR offers a safety net for individuals whose SSDI benefits ceased due to earnings exceeding SGA limits. If a disability prevents continued work within five years, beneficiaries can request reinstatement of benefits without filing a new application. Additionally, provisional payments may be provided for up to six months while the SSA evaluates the request. Learn more here. |
Substantial Gainful Activity (SGA) |
SGA refers to the earnings threshold the SSA uses to determine whether a disability continues to qualify for benefits. Understanding SGA is critical when planning a return to work or exploring employment opportunities. Learn the threshold limits for the year here. |
Impairment-Related Work Expenses (IRWE) |
IRWE allows beneficiaries to deduct costs related to their disability that enable them to work, such as specialized equipment, personal assistance, or transportation. These expenses reduce countable income, which can help maintain eligibility for disability benefits while pursuing employment opportunities. Learn more here. |
Residual Functional Capacity (RFC) Assessment |
An RFC assessment evaluates an individual’s remaining ability to perform work-related activities despite their disability. This assessment, conducted by SSA or a medical professional, plays a critical role in determining eligibility for SSDI. It examines both physical and mental limitations to assess overall employability. Learn more here. |
Ticket to Work Program (TTW) |
The TTW program is a voluntary initiative offering free employment services to disability beneficiaries. Participants receive support for career planning, skills training, and job placement while retaining their benefits during a trial work period. TTW aims to promote financial independence by connecting beneficiaries to employment networks and tailored opportunities. Learn more here. |
Individual Work Plan (IWP) |
The IWP is a personalized employment strategy developed under the Ticket to Work Program. It outlines the steps, resources, and services beneficiaries will use to achieve their employment goals. The IWP is collaboratively created between the beneficiary and an employment network, ensuring alignment with individual abilities and career aspirations. Learn more here. |
Initial Reinstatement Period (IRP) |
The Initial Reinstatement Period (IRP) begins the first month your disability payments are reinstated by the SSA. The IRP can last up to 24 months (not necessarily consecutive) and ends once you have received 24 months of payable benefits. During this period, SSDI beneficiaries can receive benefits for any month in which their work earnings do not exceed the SGA threshold. For SSI recipients, the normal income counting rules apply. If your earnings increase during the IRP, the SSA will evaluate your work status and ensure you continue receiving the appropriate benefits based on your eligibility. Learn about Expedited Reinstatement here. |
"Medicaid" Protection for People with Disabilities Who Work |
In certain cases, Medicaid can provide coverage to individuals with disabilities even if their earnings exceed SSI limits. To qualify, individuals must meet these criteria:
Additionally, some states may offer Medicaid coverage to individuals who lose eligibility due to medical improvement but still have a medically determinable severe impairment. This ensures continued access to healthcare as individuals with disabilities transition into the workforce. |
Medicare |
Medicare is a federal health insurance program for people with disabilities and those aged 65 or older. It includes:
Learn what happens to your Medicaid & Medicare if you work here. |
How Disability Services of America Supports Beneficiaries
Disability Services of America is here to guide you through these SSA programs and terms, helping you maximize your benefits while transitioning back to work. Whether you need assistance with BPQY reports, navigating work incentives, or understanding healthcare coverage, DSA is committed to providing expert advice and support tailored to your unique situation.